Paecilomyces is an antagonistic fungus that can be used as a base material for the manufacture of bionematicides for the control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) because it has antagonistic activity as a nematode egg parasite. Utilization of Paecilomyces local isolates has good potentials for the control of parasitic nematodes, especially root knot nematodes. The environmental conditions of fungal isolates affect the ability of fungi in parasitizing nematode eggs. The objective of the study was to obtain local isolate of Paecilomyces fungi which have high potential to control root knot nematodes. Fungal samples were from soil rhizosphere of tomato plants infected by root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) from several locations of vegetable production centers of West Sumatra, namely Alahan Panjang, Agam and Tanah Datar. As results of the research, 10 isolates of Paecilomyces fungi were obtained, 3 isolates from Alahan Panjang (PAP1, PAP2, and PAP3), 3 isolates from Agam (PA1, PA2, and PA3) and 4 isolates from Tanah Datar (PTD1, PTD2. PTD3 and PTD4). All Paecilomyces isolates had potency to control root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) with suppression percentage ranged from 55% - 70.9%. The PAP 2 (isolate from Alahan Panjang) had the best ability to control root knot nematodes with suppression percentage of 70.90%.

Six essential oils from Morrocan plants belonging to different botanical families (Lamiaceae, Pinaceae and Verbenaceae), were prepared by hydrodistillation. These essential oils from Morrocan plants, which have a long tradition in adjuvant therapy, were tested for insecticidal activity by the method of microcomputer-atmosphere against three major pests of stored products : Rhyzopertha dominica (F), Sitophilus oryzae (L) and Tribolium castaneum (herbst). The results obtained showed that the essential oils possessed highly significant insecticidal properties against the pests studied. R (+) pulegone, a monoterpene ketone and a major component of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium exhibited the highest insecticidal activity.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of certain new molecules as well as entomopathogens as foliar sprays against leafhoppers in Bt cotton at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh for two consecutive years. The new molecule, flonicamid 50% WG at two doses i.e. at 75 g a.i./ha and 100g a.i./ha followed by diafenthiuron 50% WP 300 g a.i./ha and buprofezin 25% SC @ 250 g a.i./ha were found promising against leaf hoppers together with high seed cotton yield. New molecules were found significantly superior over to NSKE 5 % and entomopathogens in suppressing the leafhoppers.

A pot trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of formulated abamectin, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis alone or in combinations against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) development in tomato plants. Abamectin was the superior treatment which reduced galls and soil populations by 85.87 and 85.13%, respectively. The single treatments showed that the high rate of B. thuringiensis and / or B. subtilis recorded the highest reductions than the low rate. The single treatments of B. thuringiensis and B. subtilis gave reductions in galls ranged from 66.22 to 78.88%, and in soil populations ranged from 70.63 to 80.45%. Moreover, the binary mixtures of abamectin + B. thuringiensis recorded the highest reductions among mixtures in galls (85.20%) and soil populations (76.56%).On the other side, all the applied single treatments increased the tomato plant growth criteria over control. The binary blend of abamectin + B. thuringiensis recorded the highest augmentation in root length, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight by 41.84, 49.58 and 56.72%, respectively. 

In a pot experiment, dried plant materials of Brassica oleracea, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Emex spinosa and Erythrina humina were mixed with soil at the rate of 5 and 10 g/kg soil and compared their nematicidal potential with oxamyl, against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. In addition, their effects on the growth of tomato plants were also assessed. The results showed that all the amendments exhibited varying degree of reduction compared to control. Moreover, Erythrina humenea recorded the highest reductions in galls/ root system (96.77%), egg masses/ root system (97.99%), eggs/ mass (77.11%) and soil populations/250g soil (93.60%). Except E. spinosa, employing high rate of the tested dried plants gave higher activity in suppressing the nematode parameters than the low rate. Besides highly nemato-toxic potential, B. oleracea, B. spectabilisor, E. spinosa showed phytotoxic effects on tomato when used at the high rate. These dried plant materials at low rate show promising nematicidal activity and may offer possibilities as non-chemical alternatives for the management of M. incognita on tomato.