Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. ciceri, is a major threat to chickpea (Cicerarietinum) production, leading to significant yield losses. This studyexamined the disease progression under different inoculation methods steminoculation, root dip, and pipette application—revealing peak wilting at 35-days after inoculation(DAI). Among fungicides tested, Carbendazim and Thiram demonstrated the highestinhibitory effects on fungal radial growth and zone of inhibition, withcomplete pathogen suppression at 2000 ppm. Additionally, botanical extractsfrom Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)exhibited antifungal activity, with Tulsi proving more effective due to itsbioactive compounds. The study also assessed biocontrol agents Trichodermaviride and Pseudomonas fluorescens, where T. virideexhibited greater inhibition (58.82%) than P. fluorescens (47.30%),highlighting their potential in disease management. The findings emphasizeintegrating chemical, botanical, and biological control strategies forsustainable management of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Futureresearch should explore resistant cultivars and field applications ofbiocontrol agents to mitigate pathogen impact [

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a significant pest of berry cropsin Europe and beyond. The rise of worldwide markets and the unrestrictedmovement of commodities is heightening the risk of D. suzukii proliferation.The research was carried out from 2022 to 2023 in the village of Mirolyubovo,Burgas region, focusing on strawberry plantations of the "Buddy" and"Petra" kinds. Food traps, specifically the Suzukii Trap from"Bioiberica," together with traditional traps utilizing apple cidervinegar and red wine, were employed for monitoring purposes. The initial adult D.suzukii specimens in the food traps were detected in early June, coincidingwith the onset of fruit ripening. The pest's population density peaks duringthe mass ripening of fruits, coinciding with their maximum sugar content. Atelevated concentrations, D. suzukii may pose a significant threat toberry crops for fruit producers.

The genus Anomala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae:Rutelinae), also called shining leaf chafer. These beetles exhibit acharacteristic life cycle where the larvae, or grubs, feed on the roots ofcrops and adults on stem regions, often becoming significant agriculturalpests. In India, Anomala species are prevalent across variousagro-ecosystems. This study reports the first documented occurrence of Anomalacommunis (Burmeister, 1844) in the Deccan Peninsula region of Maharashtra,India. The grubs of A. communis are known to damage the roots of variouscrops, including groundnut, maize, and guava. Adults are attracted to lighttraps and are active during the monsoon months, with peak emergence observedfrom June to August. The expansion of A. communis into Maharashtraunderscores the need for integrated pest management strategies to mitigate itsimpact on agriculture. In this paper some Integrated Pest management strategiesare also suggested. 

The intensifying demand foreco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides has propelled the advancementof plant-based biopesticides as a sustainable solution in modern agriculture.Derived from botanical sources, these biopesticides including essential oils,plant extracts, and secondary metabolites offer multi-target pest control withminimal environmental impact, improved food safety, and enhanced compatibilitywith integrated pest management (IPM) systems. This review comprehensivelyexplores the historical context, chemical diversity, and biological efficacy ofplant-based biopesticides, while highlighting innovations in extraction andformulation technologies such as nanoencapsulation, microencapsulation, andcontrolled-release systems that enhance their stability, bioavailability, andfield performance. Furthermore, it discusses recent regulatory frameworks,market challenges, and the integration of multi-omics, synthetic biology, RNAinterference (RNAi), and CRISPR-based approaches for the development ofnext-generation biopesticides. While plant-based solutions face adoption barrierssuch as regulatory complexity, variable efficacy, and higher production costs,advancements in biotechnology and interdisciplinary collaboration offerpromising avenues for overcoming these challenges. Future research must focuson improving formulation stability, streamlining regulations, expanding pestcontrol spectra, and ensuring scalability for wider adoption. This reviewunderscores the transformative potential of plant-based biopesticides inachieving resilient, environmentally sound, and health-conscious agriculturalsystems.

Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith, known as the fall armyworm (FAW), is amajor pest of   maize crops.    This bug damages maize plant leaves, leadingto yield declines of up to 79.9%. An alternative approach to controlling S. frugiperda entails the use ofentomopathogenic fungi. Many            entomopathogenicfungi are present, including Trichodermaasperellum, which resides endophytically        withinplants. This study aims to evaluate the pathogenicity of T. asperellum incontrolling S.         frugiperda larvae.Five isolates of T. asperellum (A116, PC21, S2D11, SD34, and AB2B3) were     procured from various plant tissues.Two milliliters of conidia suspension, with a concentration of       10^8 conidia/ml, and sterile distilledwater as a control were supplied to S. frugiperda larvae. The      measured variables encompassed themortality rate of S. frugiperda larvae, the percentage of pupae          that matured, and the percentage ofadults that emerged. The results demonstrated that the endophytic           fungus T. asperellum can eradicate S.frugiperda larvae. The mortality rate of S. frugiperda larvae      ranged from 34.67% to 57.33%. Theutilization of T. asperellum on S. frugiperda led to a 44.00% reduction in pupae formation and a 36.00%reduction in adult formation. T. asperellum S2D11 is the    most efficacious isolate for infecting S.frugiperda larvae.

The powdered samples derivedfrom the fruit, leaf, and bark of the Prosopis cineraria (L.)           plant            were evaluated for theirability to safeguard green gram seeds from damage caused by the            pulse             beetle Callosobruchus chinensis. The biologicalparameter examined for C. chinensis was             "Percentadult emergence," which refers to the proportion of adult insects thatemerged from        the green gram seedsupon which C. chinensis lay its eggs. Formulations derived from plant   extracts were             observedto inhibit the development of the pulse beetle from the egg stage to the    adult stage and eliminate it within thegrain. The ovicidal and larvicidal effects of P. cineraria      were demonstrated, as the extractsdramatically decreased the percentage of adult emergence by         56 to 93% at a 5% level of significance,compared to 96% in control groups. A minimum adult            emergence rate of 56.68% was recorded in the groupstreated with 10% aqueous bark extract of P.             cineraria.Significant inhibition of emergence was seen in groups treated with 10% fruit           formulations, with a    range of 56 – 59%.

Keywords: Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis, plant-based pesticides, adult emergence,Pest emergence, ovicidal, larvicidal 

Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) is apest of stored food that inflicts significant economic damage. Developinginnovative methods for controlling this pest can benefit insect and integratedpest management system development. A laboratory study was conducted to assessthe sub-lethal effects of carbon nanobiocide against the T. castaneum pest. This paper evaluated how carbon nanotubesinfluence several life characteristics of theT. castaneum insect. The larval mortality was reduced, yielding a mean rankmortality score of 33.3 at a 0.1 mg/mL concentration. The mean ranked adultmortality score for the concentration of 0.1mg/mL was 36.7. The fecundity offemales, measured by the number of eggs laid, varied across different CNTtreatments, with the 0.05 mg/mL concentration resulting in nearly no eggs laidper female compared to the other CNTs concentrations employed in this work. Thegermination rates of wheat seeds subjected to different CNTs concentrationsacross all studied materials were analyzed. To our knowledge, there is nopublished research examining the impact of CNTs on stored product insects.Thus, this study serves as a reference for future research by analyzing themerits and demerits of different CNT concentrations on stored pests such as thered flour beetle and forecasting their developmental trajectories.