AUTHOR(S)
Soraya Rueangrit, Weenussa Eakjamnong and Tida Dethoup*

ABSTRACT

In this study, we determined the in vitro antifungal activities of five plant crude extracts, namely Acorus calamus L., Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.) Colebr., Piper betle Linn., P. nigrum L. and P. retrofractum Vahl. Both individually and in combinations in seven different ratios and in concentrations of 10,000 and 1,000 ppm against the radial growth of Alternaria brassicicola, Colletotrichum capsici and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The findings indicated that the synergistic activities of the combinations were observed more in the lower concentration tested (1,000 ppm) than in the higher concentration (10,000 ppm) at different ratios. The synergistic activities of the combinations of two extracts against A. brassicicola were increased from 34.29% to 67.14% when tested at 1,000 ppm. Antagonistic effects (14.29%) were found when tested at 10,000 ppm but were not observed when tested at 1,000 ppm. At 10,000 ppm, the combined extracts different ratios displayed synergistic (74.29%) and additive activities (25.71%) against C. capsici. At 1,000 ppm, strong synergistic interactions against C. capsici were observed in all combinations. In testing effects of the combinations against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, we found that the combined extracts at 10,000 ppm exhibited synergistic (48.57%), additive (31.43%), in different (2.86%) and antagonistic effects (17.14%) but only synergistic and additive activities were detected when tested at 1,000 ppm. Moreover, some crude extracts had no activity (0% MGI) against the fungi tested at 1,000 ppm when tested individually but displayed synergistic effects when combined with another extract, evidenced by the percent mycelial growth inhibition of the combination mixtures. The results in this study indicate that the combination of plant extracts has promising synergistic activity against plant pathogens and that the concentration is a key factor in evaluating the effects. These results provided useful information as a guideline for further evaluation of the effects of these extracts against plant diseases in greenhouse and field studies. 

DOI
https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.12.1.51-60

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