AUTHOR(S)
Ziaul Haque*, Qasid Ali, Ruman Ahmad, Vaibhav Pathak, Mohd Shahid Anwer Ansari and Naved Azum

ABSTRACT

This studyevaluated the influence of temperature (5–40 °C) on the sporulation of Trichodermaharzianum AMUTH-1 across five substrates (mustard, sorghum, finger millet,rice, and wheat) to optimise their application in solid-statefermentation-based bioformulation development. AMUTH-1 successfully colonisedall substrates, though the extent of growth varied from minimal to completecoverage. Sporulation levels differed significantly among substrates; ricesupported the highest sporulation, with a mean log10 value of 7.55 CFU/gsubstrate at 20-30 °C, followed by sorghum, wheat, mustard, and finger millet.Temperature was identified as a critical determinant of fungal sporeperformance, with optimal sporulation observed at 25 °C. In contrast, extremelylow (≤15 °C) and high (≥35 °C) temperatures markedly suppressed conidialproduction. Notably, a temperature downshift (30 → 20 °C) significantlyenhanced sporulation relative to static incubation, indicating that dynamictemperature regimes can stimulate conidial yield more effectively than constantconditions. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of substrateselection and temperature management in the development of robust Trichoderma-basedbiocontrol formulations.

Keywords: Biocontrol, conidiation, mustard,optimisation, plant disease, rice, wheat

DOI
https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.19.1.80-86

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